Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for producing new skin cells?

The stratum germinativum, also known as the basal layer, is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is primarily responsible for the production of new skin cells. This layer contains actively dividing cells called keratinocytes, which undergo a process of mitosis to create new cells. As these cells multiply, they gradually move upward through the layers of the epidermis, undergoing changes that transform them into the tough, protective cells that make up the outer surface of the skin.

In contrast, the stratum corneum consists of dead, flattened cells that have already completed their journey from the deeper layers and are mainly protective in function. The stratum lucidum, found only in certain areas of thick skin, provides an additional layer of protection but does not contribute to cell production. The stratum granulosum contains cells that begin to flatten and lose their nuclei as they transition to the outer layers, also not involved in generating new skin cells. Thus, the stratum germinativum is crucial for maintaining the skin's integrity by continuously supplying new cells, making it foundational to skin health and regeneration.